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Advanced
The Passive (受身)
~られる / ~れる
Passive form: ~られる / ~れる
Group 2 + られる; Group 1 + areru.
📊 Passive formation
Group
Rule
Example
Group 2
-る → -られる
食べる→食べられる
Group 1
-u → -areru
読む→読まれる
する
される
される
来る
来られる
来られる
💬 Examples
食べられる
taberareru
to be eaten
📝 Group 2 passive
読まれる
yomareru
to be read
📝 Group 1 passive (読む)
The agent is marked by に
'By someone' = に.
💬 Examples
先生に褒められました。
Sensei ni homeraremashita.
(I) was praised by the teacher.
📝 に = by (agent)
雨に降られた。
Ame ni furareta.
(I) was rained on.
📝 Adversative passive (suffering)
Japanese has an 'adversative' passive
To show one was negatively affected.
💬 Examples
財布を盗まれました。
Saifu o nusumaremashita.
(I) had my wallet stolen.
📝 Passive of an inconvenience
弟にケーキを食べられた。
Otōto ni kēki o taberareta.
(My) little brother ate my cake (on me).
📝 Adversative: affected by the action