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Conjunctions & Particles

Connectors and sentence-final particles

Clause-linking conjunctions

から (because), が・けど (but), のに (although), ので (since).

📊 Conjunctions
Word Meaning
から kara because
ので node since (softer)
が / けど but
のに noni although (unexpected)
し shi and (listing reasons)
💬 Examples
高いから、買いません。
Takai kara, kaimasen.
Because it's expensive, I won't buy it.
📝 から = because
行きたいけど、時間がない。
Ikitai kedo, jikan ga nai.
I want to go, but I have no time.
📝 けど = but
Sentence-final particles add nuance

よ (informing), ね (seeking agreement).

💬 Examples
これはおいしいですよ。
Kore wa oishii desu yo.
This is tasty, you know.
📝 よ = informing / emphasis
いい天気ですね。
Ii tenki desu ne.
Nice weather, isn't it?
📝 ね = seeking agreement
んです / のです gives an explanation

Adds an explanatory tone.

💬 Examples
頭が痛いんです。
Atama ga itai n desu.
(It's that) I have a headache.
📝 んです = explanatory
どうして行かないんですか。
Dōshite ikanai n desu ka.
Why is it that you won't go?
📝 んですか asks for an explanation