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The Ezāfe Construction

The linking -e

Ezāfe (-e) links a noun to what describes it

An unstressed -e (or -ye after a vowel) connects nouns, adjectives, and possessors.

💬 Examples
کتابِ خوب
ketāb-e xub
a good book
📝 noun + ezāfe (-e) + adjective
خانهٔ بزرگ
xāne-ye bozorg
a big house
📝 -ye after a vowel-final noun
Ezāfe is usually pronounced, not written

A spoken -e linking the words.

📊 Ezāfe forms
After Ezāfe Example
a consonant -e کتابِ من (ketāb-e man)
a vowel -ye خانهٔ من (xāne-ye man)
use links noun + adj. / possessor -
💬 Examples
درِ خانه
dar-e xāne
the door of the house
📝 ezāfe links 'door' and 'house'
ماشینِ من
māshin-e man
my car
📝 ezāfe + possessor
Ezāfe chains can be long

Each link adds another -e.

💬 Examples
کتابِ خوبِ من
ketāb-e xub-e man
my good book
📝 Two ezāfes chained
درِ خانهٔ بزرگ
dar-e xāne-ye bozorg
the door of the big house
📝 Chained ezāfe