Back
Intermediate

Simple Past

Past stem + endings

Past = past stem + endings (no mi-)

Endings: -am, -i, -∅, -im, -id, -and.

📊 Simple past (رفتن → رفت)
Pronoun Form
man رفتم raftam
to رفتی rafti
u رفت raft
mā رفتیم raftim
shomā رفتید raftid
ānhā رفتند raftand
💬 Examples
رفتم
raftam
I went
📝 raft + am
خورد
xord
he/she ate
📝 Bare past stem = 3rd singular
Third-person singular has no ending

The bare past stem.

💬 Examples
دید
did
he/she saw
📝 No ending in 3rd singular
گفت
goft
he/she said
📝 Bare past stem
Negate with the na- prefix

نـ before the past stem.

💬 Examples
نرفتم
naraftam
I didn't go
📝 na + raftam
ندید
nadid
he/she didn't see
📝 na + did