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Intermediate

Present Perfect

Participle + 'to be'

Perfect = past participle + 'to be' suffix

Participle = past stem + -e.

📊 Present perfect (رفتن)
Pronoun Form
man رفته‌ام rafte-am
to رفته‌ای rafte-i
u رفته است rafte ast
mā رفته‌ایم rafte-im
shomā رفته‌اید rafte-id
ānhā رفته‌اند rafte-and
💬 Examples
رفته‌ام
rafte-am
I have gone
📝 rafte (participle) + am
دیده است
dide ast
he/she has seen
📝 dide + ast
Used for past actions relevant now

'have done'.

💬 Examples
غذا خورده‌ام.
qazā xorde-am.
I have eaten.
📝 Present perfect
او تا حالا نیامده است.
u tā hālā nayāmade ast.
He/She hasn't come yet.
📝 Negative perfect
Past participle = past stem + -e

A simple, regular formation.

💬 Examples
خورده
xorde
eaten
📝 xord + e
گفته
gofte
said
📝 goft + e