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The Passive

Past participle + شدن

Passive = past participle + شدن (to become)

شدن conjugates for tense.

📊 Passive (نوشتن to write)
Tense Form Example
present نوشته می‌شود is written
past نوشته شد was written
perfect نوشته شده است has been written
💬 Examples
کتاب نوشته شد.
ketāb neveshte shod.
The book was written.
📝 participle + شد (past of شدن)
در باز شد.
dar bāz shod.
The door was opened.
📝 passive with شدن
The agent is usually omitted

Persian prefers an active sentence when the agent is known.

💬 Examples
این خانه ساخته شده است.
in xāne sāxte shode ast.
This house has been built.
📝 Agent omitted
نامه فرستاده شد.
nāme ferestāde shod.
The letter was sent.
📝 Passive, no agent
توسط can introduce the agent (formal)

'By X'.

💬 Examples
این کتاب توسط حافظ نوشته شد.
in ketāb tavassot-e Hāfez neveshte shod.
This book was written by Hafez.
📝 توسط = by (formal agent)
کار توسط او انجام شد.
kār tavassot-e u anjām shod.
The work was done by him.
📝 Formal agent phrase