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Intermediate

Object Pronouns & Placement

Clitics and where they go

Direct object pronouns: me, te, o/a, nos, os/as

The thing acted on.

📊 Object pronouns
Person Direct Indirect
me me me
you te te
him/her o / a lhe
us nos nos
them os / as lhes
💬 Examples
Eu vejo-o.
I see him/it. (Portugal)
📝 o = him/it; enclitic in EP
Eu o vejo.
I see him/it. (Brazil)
📝 BP puts the pronoun before the verb
Indirect object pronouns: lhe, lhes

'to him/her/them'.

💬 Examples
Dou-lhe o livro.
I give him/her the book. (EP)
📝 lhe = to him/her
Eu lhe dou o livro.
I give him the book. (BP)
📝 BP placement
Placement: enclisis (EP) vs proclisis (BP)

After the verb (Portugal) vs before it.

💬 Examples
Chamo-me Ana.
My name is Ana. (EP enclisis)
📝 Pronoun attached after the verb
Não me chamo Ana.
My name isn't Ana.
📝 After 'não', the pronoun goes before (proclisis)