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The Present Subjunctive

Formation

Formed from the 'yo' present, switch the vowel

hablo → hable, como → coma.

📊 Present subjunctive endings
Verb type Endings Example
-ar -e, -es, -e ... hable
-er / -ir -a, -as, -a ... coma, viva
irregular ser→sea, ir→vaya, haber→haya sea
💬 Examples
que yo hable
(that) I speak
📝 -ar → -e endings
que yo coma
(that) I eat
📝 -er/-ir → -a endings
Irregular 'yo' forms carry over

tengo → tenga, hago → haga.

💬 Examples
que yo tenga
(that) I have
📝 tengo → tenga
que yo haga
(that) I do
📝 hago → haga
Key irregulars: sea, vaya, sepa, dé, esté

Memorize the frequent ones.

💬 Examples
Espero que sea verdad.
I hope it's true.
📝 ser → sea
Quiero que vayas.
I want you to go.
📝 ir → vaya(s)