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Si Clauses (Conditionals)

Three types of condition

Real (likely): si + present, present/future

Real conditions.

📊 Si clauses
Type Si-clause Result
real si + present present, future, command
hypothetical si + imperfect subjunctive conditional
past unreal si + pluperfect subjunctive conditional perfect
💬 Examples
Si llueve, no voy.
If it rains, I won't go.
📝 si + present → present/future
Si tienes tiempo, llámame.
If you have time, call me.
📝 Real condition
Hypothetical: si + imperfect subjunctive, conditional

'If ... would'.

💬 Examples
Si tuviera dinero, viajaría.
If I had money, I would travel.
📝 imperfect subjunctive → conditional
Si fuera tú, no iría.
If I were you, I wouldn't go.
📝 fuera + conditional
Past unreal: si + pluperfect subj., conditional perfect

Contrary to a past fact.

💬 Examples
Si hubiera sabido, habría venido.
If I had known, I would have come.
📝 hubiera sabido → habría venido
Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado.
If you had studied, you would have passed.
📝 Past unreal condition