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Intermediate
Dative & Ablative
-e (to) and -den (from)
Dative -e = 'to / toward'
Direction, recipient.
📊 Dative & ablative
Case
Suffix
Example
dative (to)
-e / -a
eve, okula
ablative (from)
-den / -dan
evden, okuldan
after voiceless
-ten / -tan
uçaktan
💬 Examples
Okula gidiyorum.
I'm going to school.
📝 okul + -a (dative)
Sana verdim.
I gave (it) to you.
📝 sen → sana (irregular dative)
Ablative -den = 'from / out of'
Source, origin.
💬 Examples
Evden çıktım.
I left the house (from home).
📝 ev + -den (ablative)
İstanbul'dan geldim.
I came from Istanbul.
📝 -dan = from
Many verbs select a specific case
e.g. başlamak takes the dative.
💬 Examples
İşe başladım.
I started work.
📝 başlamak + dative (işe)
Senden korkuyorum.
I'm afraid of you.
📝 korkmak + ablative (senden)