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Beginner

Personal Pronouns

Subject and object pronouns

Subject pronouns

Each has a stressed and an unstressed form.

📊 Subject pronouns
Person Stressed Unstressed
I ik 'k
you sg jij je
he hij ie
she zij ze
we wij we
you pl jullie —
they zij ze
💬 Examples
ik / jij / hij
I / you / he
📝 jij has the weak form je
wij / jullie / zij
we / you (pl) / they
📝 jullie = plural 'you'
Formal 'you': u

Use u with strangers, elders and in formal settings.

💬 Examples
Hoe heet u?
What is your name? (formal)
📝 u = polite 'you'
Wilt u koffie?
Would you like coffee?
📝 Formal address
Object pronouns

The object forms: me/mij, je/jou, hem, haar, ons, hen/hun.

💬 Examples
Ik zie hem.
I see him.
📝 hem = object 'him'
Hij kent mij.
He knows me.
📝 mij/me = object 'me'