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Relative Clauses with Participles

No 'which' word

Relative clauses use participles, not 'which'

A participle replaces the relative pronoun.

📊 Relative participles
Participle Use Example
-en / -an subject relative ('who does') gelen (who comes)
-dik (+ poss.) object relative ('that X does') okuduğum (that I read)
-ecek (+ poss.) future relative okuyacağım (that I will read)
💬 Examples
gelen adam
the man who came / is coming
📝 gel + -en = '(the one) who comes'
okuduğum kitap
the book that I read
📝 oku + -duk + -um = 'that I read'
-en / -an: when the noun is the SUBJECT

'the X that does'.

💬 Examples
koşan çocuk
the running child / the child who runs
📝 koş + -an (subject participle)
uçan kuş
the flying bird
📝 uç + -an
-dik (+ possessive): when the noun is the OBJECT

'the X that someone does'.

💬 Examples
gördüğüm film
the film (that) I saw
📝 gör + -dük + -üm + film
yazdığın mektup
the letter (that) you wrote
📝 yaz + -dık + -ın