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Nouns & Gender

Masculine, feminine, neuter

Three genders, shown by the ending

Masculine, feminine, neuter.

📊 Gender endings (nominative)
Gender Typical ending Example
masculine consonant (or -й) стіл, край
feminine -а, -я книга, земля
neuter -о, -е вікно, море
💬 Examples
стіл / книга / вікно
stil / knyha / vikno
table (m) / book (f) / window (n)
📝 Consonant (m), -а/-я (f), -о/-е (n)
дім / мама / море
dim / mama / more
house (m) / mom (f) / sea (n)
📝 Gender from the ending
Most consonant-final nouns are masculine

A reliable cue.

💬 Examples
брат
brat
brother
📝 Masculine
телефон
telefon
telephone
📝 Masculine
о often alternates with і in masculine nouns

A characteristic Ukrainian vowel shift.

💬 Examples
стіл → стола
stil → stola
table → of the table
📝 і in the nominative, о in other cases
кіт → кота
kit → kota
cat → of the cat
📝 і/о alternation (typical of Ukrainian)