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Nouns

Measure Words & Numbers
去了两次 / 说一遍
went twice / say once through
qù le liǎng cì / shuō yī biàn
Action classifiers 次 (times) vs 遍 (full pass)
一座山 / 一栋楼
a mountain / a building
yī zuò shān / yī dòng lóu
Measure words for large structures
一斤 / 一升 / 五克
500g / 1 litre / 5 grams
yī jīn / yī shēng / wǔ kè
Mass/volume measure words
一个朋友 vs 一位朋友
a friend (casual) vs (respectful)
gè vs wèi
Classifier choice shifts register/meaning
一群鸟 / 一批马
a flock of birds / a batch of horses
yī qún niǎo / yī pī mǎ
Collective classifiers 群/批
一点儿 / 一些
a little / some
yīdiǎnr / yīxiē
Abstract small quantity expressions
三分之二 / 五成以上
two-thirds / over 50%
sānfēnzhī'èr / wǔ chéng yǐshàng
Fractions and percentage expressions
火车站 / 飞机场
train station / airport
huǒchēzhàn / fēijīchǎng
Compound nouns (N+N compounding)
作者 / 科学家 / 服务员
author / scientist / service staff
zuòzhě / kēxuéjiā / fúwùyuán
Noun suffixes 者/家/员
二十来个人
about twenty people
èrshí lái gè rén
Number + 来 for approximation