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Nouns

Measure Words & Numbers
一缕 / 一片 / 一粒 / 一根
a strand / a slice / a grain / a long thin one
yī lǚ / yī piàn / yī lì / yī gēn
Shape-based classifier semantic classes
三个忧愁 (poetic classifier)
three sadnesses (literary)
sān gè yōuchóu
Non-default classifier for poetic/stylistic effect
非常 / 超级 / 反对
extraordinary / super / oppose
fēicháng / chāojí / fǎnduì
Nominal prefixes 非/超/反
现代化 / 可行性 / 存在感
modernise / feasibility / sense of existence
xiàndàihuà / kěxíngxìng / cúnzàigǎn
Nominal suffixes 化/性/感
书 → 书本 / 脑 → 大脑
book (mono→di) / brain (mono→di)
shū → shūběn / nǎo → dànǎo
Disyllabic preference in modern Mandarin
毕业生 / 毕业 (V or N)
graduate (n.) / to graduate (v.)
bì yè shēng / bì yè
Lexicalised VO compound as noun or verb
HSK / 新冠 / 北大
HSK / COVID / Peking University
HSK / xīnguān / Běidà
Abbreviations and acronyms (缩略语)
他们都买了一本。(ambiguous)
They all bought one book. (collective or each?)
collective vs distributive reading of 都
都 can mean collectively or each individually
一缕头发 / 一片树叶
a strand of hair / a leaf
yī lǚ tóufa / yī piàn shùyè
Material/shape classifier selection rules
把 + 所有 + N + complex complement
dispose of all N with complex result
bǎ suǒyǒu de N + V + complement
Advanced 把 structure with 所有