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Alphabet

Pronunciation & Accent Marks
a
e
i
o
b / v — mismo sonido
b / v — same sound
b and v both = [b]
Both b and v are pronounced the same in Spanish
c antes de e/i → [s]; c antes de a/o/u → [k]
c before e/i = s sound; c before a/o/u = k sound
cero [sero]
casa [kasa]
g antes de e/i → [x]; g antes de a/o/u → [g]
g before e/i = guttural h; g before a/o/u = hard g
gente [xente]
gato [gato]
h — siempre muda
h — always silent
hola = [ola]
The letter h is never pronounced in Spanish
ll / y → [y] o [ʝ]
ll and y — same sound in most dialects
llamo
yo [yamo
ñ → [ny]
ñ — ny sound
niño [ninyo]
ñ is a unique Spanish letter — nasal + palatal
r / rr — diferencia de sonido
r / rr — different sounds
pero [pero] vs perro [perro]
Single r = tap; double rr = trill
Acento escrito: sílaba tónica
Written accent: stressed syllable
café
fácil
Regla de acentuación: palabras agudas
llanas
esdrújulas
Stress rules: end-stressed