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Prepositions, Conjunctions & Complex Sentences
Two-way prepositions, conjunctions and subordinate clause word order
Wechselpräpositionen: in, an, auf, über…
Two-way prepositions: in, on, at, over…
in, an, auf, UE-ber, OON-ter, FOR, HIN-ter, NAY-ben, TSVI-shen
Take accusative (motion) or dative (location)
Akkusativ vs Dativ: Wohin? vs Wo?
Accusative vs dative: Where to? vs Where?
Wohin? = Akk.; Wo? = Dativ
Ich gehe in die Schule (Akk.) / Ich bin in der Schule (Dat.)
Nebenordnende Konjunktionen: und, aber, oder, denn
Coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, for
oont, AH-ber, OH-der, den
No word-order change; verb stays second
Unterordnende Konjunktionen: dass, weil, wenn
Subordinating conjunctions: that, because, if/when
das, vail, ven
Verb goes to END of subordinate clause
Verb am Ende im Nebensatz
Verb to the end in subordinate clause
Ich weiß, dass er kommt.
Subordinating conjunction → finite verb at clause end
weil vs denn: beide = because
weil vs denn: both = because
weil (subord.) vs denn (coord.)
weil → verb to end; denn → normal word order
wenn vs als: when (repeated) vs when (once, past)
wenn vs als: when
ven vs als
wenn = whenever/if; als = when (single past event)
Relativsätze: der/die/das als Relativpronomen
Relative clauses: der/die/das as relative pronoun
der Mann, der dort steht
Relative pronoun agrees in gender/number; case by role
Infinitiv mit zu
Infinitive with zu
Ich versuche zu lernen.
Many verbs/expressions take zu + infinitive at end
um…zu (in order to)
um…zu (in order to)
Ich lerne, um zu bestehen.
um + ... + zu + infinitive = in order to