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Alphabet & Pronunciation
Hebrew alphabet (alef-bet), final letters, vowel points (niqqud) and reading right-to-left
א ב ג ד ה ו
alef, bet, gimel, dalet, he, vav
alef bet gimel dalet he vav
First six letters; Hebrew reads right to left
ז ח ט י כ ל
zayin, chet, tet, yod, kaf, lamed
zayin chet tet yod kaf lamed
Letters 7–12
מ נ ס ע פ צ
mem, nun, samekh, ayin, pe, tsadi
mem nun samekh ayin pe tsadi
Letters 13–18
ק ר ש ת
qof, resh, shin, tav
qof resh shin tav
Final four letters of the alef-bet
ך ם ן ף ץ — אותיות סופיות
final letters (sofit)
kaf nun mem pe tsadi sofit
Five letters have special final forms at word end
ניקוד — תנועות
niqqud — vowel points
niqqud
Dots/dashes below/above letters mark vowels (often omitted)
א ב ג vs the dagesh
bet/vet, kaf/khaf, pe/fe
bet vs vet (ב/בּ)
A dot (dagesh) changes ב→b, כ→k, פ→p
שווא — sh'va
sh'va (silent/short e)
sh'va
Two vertical dots = no vowel or very short e
קריאה מימין לשמאל
reading right to left
reading RTL
Hebrew is written and read from right to left
שלום / בוקר טוב / להתראות
Hello/Peace / Good morning / Goodbye
shalom / boker tov / lehitra'ot
Basic greetings
