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Construct State & Advanced Structures
Smichut (construct chains), subordinate clauses and complex grammar
סמיכות — construct state
smichut — construct state
smichut
Two nouns joined: בית ספר = school (house-of book)
בית הספר
the school
beit ha-sefer
In construct, only the last noun takes ה
עוגת שוקולד
chocolate cake
ugat shokolad
Construct chain: cake-of chocolate
ש... — that/which (relative)
she... — that/which
she-
ש prefix introduces relative clauses: הספר שקראתי = the book that I read
כי — because
ki — because
ki
לא באתי כי הייתי חולה = I didn't come because I was sick
אם — if
im — if
im
אם יהיה גשם, אשאר בבית = If it rains, I'll stay home
כדי ל... — in order to
kdei le... — in order to
kdei le-
כדי ללמוד = in order to learn
אבל / אז — but / so
aval / az — but / so
aval / az
Common conjunctions joining clauses
את — direct object marker
et — definite direct object marker
et
את before a definite direct object: ראיתי את הספר = I saw the book
מילות קישור: גם, או, וגם
connectors: also, or, and-also
gam, o, ve-gam
Coordinating connectors in sentences