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Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure
Personal pronouns, SOV word order, honorific levels and होना (to be)
मैं, तू, तुम, आप
I, you(intimate), you(familiar), you(formal)
main, tuu, tum, aap
Three levels of 'you' by respect/formality
यह, वह, हम, वे
he/she/this, that, we, they
yah, vah, ham, ve
Third person uses demonstratives; no gender in pronouns
होना — to be
honaa — to be
honaa
मैं हूँ, तू है, आप हैं — the verb 'to be'
मैं हूँ / तुम हो / आप हैं
I am / you are / you are (formal)
main huun / tum ho / aap hain
होना present forms by person
यह क्या है? — यह किताब है
What is this? — This is a book
yah kyaa hai? — yah kitaab hai
Basic identification; verb at the END (SOV)
S + O + V word order
Subject + Object + Verb order
main khaanaa khaataa huun
Hindi is SOV: I food eat = I eat food
वाक्य के अंत में क्रिया
verb at the end of sentence
verb-final
The verb always comes last in a Hindi sentence
मेरा नाम ... है
My name is ...
meraa naam ... hai
मेरा नाम राहुल है = My name is Rahul
आपका नाम क्या है?
What is your name?
aapkaa naam kyaa hai?
Polite name question
हाँ / नहीं
yes / no
haan / nahiin
Basic affirmative and negative