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Past & Future Tenses

Past tenses, the ergative ने construction, future and aspect
सामान्य भूत: मैं गया
simple past: I went
main gayaa
Past tense of intransitive verbs agrees with subject
गया / गई / गए
went (m / f / pl)
gayaa / gaii / gae
Past participle agrees in gender and number
ने — ergative marker
ne — ergative marker
ne
With transitive past verbs: मैंने खाया (I ate)
मैंने खाना खाया
I ate food
mainne khaanaa khaayaa
ne + verb agrees with OBJECT, not subject
था / थी / थे — was/were
thaa / thii / the — was/were
thaa / thii / the
Past of होना; मैं था = I was
भविष्य: मैं जाऊँगा
future: I will go
main jaaungaa
Future = root + uungaa/uungii/enge
करूँगा / करूँगी
will do (m / f)
karuungaa / karuungii
Future agrees with gender
अपूर्ण भूत: मैं जाता था
past habitual: I used to go
main jaataa thaa
Habitual past: -taa + thaa
सतत भूत: मैं जा रहा था
past continuous: I was going
main jaa rahaa thaa
Continuous past: rahaa + thaa
समय शब्द + काल
time words + tense
kal, abhii, pahle
Time words signal which tense to use