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Nouns, Gender & Number
Masculine/feminine nouns, oblique forms, number and basic noun structure
पुल्लिंग पहचान: -आ
masculine markers: -aa
-aa ending
Most -aa nouns are masculine: कमरा, रास्ता
स्त्रीलिंग पहचान: -ई, -इया
feminine markers: -ii, -iyaa
-ii, -iyaa endings
Most -ii nouns are feminine: रोटी, लड़की
अपवाद: पानी (m), दही (m)
exceptions: water (m), yogurt (m)
paanii, dahii
Some -ii nouns are masculine despite the ending
मर्दाना अपरिवर्तनीय: घर, स्कूल
invariable masculine: house, school
ghar, skuul
Consonant-ending masculine nouns don't change in direct plural
बहुवचन प्रत्यक्ष vs तिरछा
plural: direct vs oblique
direct vs oblique plural
लड़के (direct) vs लड़कों (oblique) — boys
तिरछा बहुवचन: -ओं
oblique plural: -on
-on ending
All oblique plurals end in -on before postposition
लड़कों को / घरों में
to the boys / in the houses
laṛkon ko / gharon men
Oblique plural + postposition
संज्ञा-लिंग याद रखना
remembering noun gender
learn gender with noun
No fully reliable rule — memorise gender per noun
गिनती के साथ संज्ञा
noun with numbers
do kitaaben
Noun stays plural with numbers
भाववाचक संज्ञा: -पन, -ता
abstract nouns: -pan, -taa
bachpan, sundartaa
बचपन = childhood; सुंदरता = beauty