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Past & Future Tenses

Past tenses, the ergative ने construction, future and aspect
ने निर्माण विस्तार से
the ne construction in depth
ne agreement rules
Object agreement; को blocks agreement (neuter -aa)
भूतकाल के सब प्रकार
all past tense types
past tense system
Simple, habitual, continuous, perfect past
पूर्ण भूत: कर चुका था
past perfect: had done
kar chukaa thaa
Action completed before a past reference point
संदिग्ध भूत: किया होगा
presumptive past: must have done
kiyaa hogaa
किया होगा = must have done (assumption)
भविष्य के रूप
future tense forms
future system
Simple future and presumptive future
संभाव्य (subjunctive): करूँ
subjunctive: may I do
main karuun
Doubt, wish, suggestion, after शायद
शायद + संभाव्य
shaayad + subjunctive
shaayad ... karuun/kare
शायद वह आए = maybe he'll come
क्रियार्थक: काश + भूत
optative: kaash + past
kaash ... hotaa
काश मैं अमीर होता = I wish I were rich
हेत्वर्थ: would have
conditional perfect: would have
kiyaa hotaa
अगर ... तो ... किया होता = would have done
काल-पहलू मिलान
tense-aspect coordination
tense-aspect
Combining tense and aspect correctly