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Verbs & Present Tense

Verb roots, present habitual and continuous, the verb होना and agreement
वाच्य व्यवस्था: कर्तृ-कर्म-भाव
voice system: active-passive-impersonal
voice system
Three voices in Hindi grammar
कर्मवाच्य का विश्लेषण
passive analysis
jaanaa passive
Structure and use of the जाना passive
सकर्मकता व ने
transitivity and ne
ergativity
Split ergativity: ने only in perfective transitive
प्रेरणार्थक: एकहरा व दुहरा
causatives: single and double
causative morphology
करना→कराना→करवाना causative chain
संयुक्त क्रिया: वेक्टर क्रिया
compound verbs: vector verbs
vector verbs
Light/vector verbs (लेना, देना, जाना, पड़ना) and aspect
पहलू: पूर्ण, अपूर्ण, सातत्य
aspect: perfective, imperfective, continuous
aspect system
Hindi's aspectual distinctions in detail
कालिक संरचना: काल + पहलू
temporal structure: tense + aspect
tense-aspect interface
How tense and aspect combine systematically
क्रियार्थक व संभाव्य
optative and subjunctive
irrealis moods
Subjunctive, optative, presumptive moods
पूर्वकालिक कृदंत विश्लेषण
conjunctive participle analysis
kar-participle
Syntax of the conjunctive (कर) participle
मॉडल क्रियाएँ
modal expressions
chaahie, saknaa, paṛnaa
Hindi modality: obligation, ability, compulsion