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Particles & Case Relations

に/で/へ/と/から/まで and how particles mark roles
に — 10の用法
ni — the many uses
ni (time/goal/etc.)
Time, destination, indirect object, purpose, existence
で — 動作の場所・手段・原因
de — place/means/cause
de
Place of action, instrument, cause, material
を — 通過・離脱
o — through/leaving
o (motion)
公園を歩く (walk through park); 家を出る (leave home)
に行く / へ行く
ni iku / e iku (go to)
ni / e
Both mark destination; に more specific
から～まで
kara ... made (from ... to)
kara made
東京から大阪まで = from Tokyo to Osaka
より — than / from
yori — than / from
yori
Comparison and (formal) starting point
と vs や — and
to vs ya — and
to / ya
と = complete list; や = partial list (etc.)
に + あげる/もらう/くれる
giving and receiving verbs
ageru/morau/kureru
Direction of giving matters: あげる (give out), くれる (give to me)
間接目的語の に
indirect object ni
ni (indirect object)
友達に本をあげる = give a book to a friend
複合助詞: について, によって
compound particles
ni tsuite, ni yotte
について = about; によって = by/depending on