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Verbs & Verb Groups

Verb groups (ru/u/irregular), ます-form, dictionary form and conjugation
使役 — causative
causative
-saseru
食べさせる = make/let eat
受身 — passive
passive
-rareru
食べられる = be eaten; also suffering passive
使役受身 — causative-passive
causative-passive
-saserareru
待たせられる = be made to wait
迷惑の受身
adversative (suffering) passive
meiwaku no ukemi
雨に降られた = was rained on (negatively affected)
可能形の応用
potential form applications
potential nuance
見える/聞こえる (spontaneous) vs 見られる (can see)
授受表現: あげる/くれる/もらう
giving/receiving expressions
ageru/kureru/morau
Full system including direction and politeness
～てあげる/てくれる/てもらう
te-form + giving verbs
te ageru/kureru/morau
Doing favours: 教えてくれる = (kindly) teach me
自発 — spontaneous
spontaneous form
spontaneous -rareru
思い出される = comes to mind spontaneously
複合動詞: ～始める, ～続ける
compound verbs: begin, continue
-hajimeru, -tsuzukeru
降り始める = begin to fall; 読み続ける = keep reading
複合動詞: ～終わる, ～出す
compound verbs: finish, burst out
-owaru, -dasu
食べ終わる = finish eating; 泣き出す = burst into tears