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Hangul & Pronunciation

Korean alphabet (hangul), vowels, consonants, syllable blocks and pronunciation rules
아 야 오 요 우 유 으 이
a ya o yo u yu eu i (basic vowels)
a ya o yo u yu eu i
Eight basic vowels; foundation of hangul reading
ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ
g/k n d/t r/l m b/p s
g n d r m b s
First seven basic consonants
ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
ng/silent j ch k t p h
ng j ch k t p h
Remaining basic consonants; ㅇ is silent at syllable start
받침 — final consonants
batchim — syllable-final consonants
batchim
Consonants at the bottom of a syllable block
쌍자음: ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ
double consonants: kk tt pp ss jj
kk tt pp ss jj
Tensed/fortis consonants — no aspiration, sudden release
복합모음: 애 에 외 위 의
compound vowels: ae e oe wi ui
ae e oe wi ui
Combined vowels written with two strokes
음절 구조: 자+모+받침
syllable structure: consonant+vowel+final
syllable block
Each syllable is a square block: 한 = ㅎ+ㅏ+ㄴ
연음법칙
liaison rule
yeonum
Final consonant moves to next syllable's onset: 한국어 [한구거]
경음화 / 격음화
tensification / aspiration
tensification
Sound changes at morpheme boundaries
안녕하세요 / 감사합니다 / 안녕히 가세요
Hello / Thank you / Goodbye (to leaving person)
annyeonghaseyo / gamsahamnida / annyeonghi gaseyo
Essential polite greetings