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Nouns, Particles & Basic Sentences

Topic/subject/object particles, 이다 and basic sentence structure
은/는 — topic particle
eun/neun — topic particle
eun (after cons.) / neun (after vowel)
저는 학생입니다 = I am a student (topic)
이/가 — subject particle
i/ga — subject particle
i (after cons.) / ga (after vowel)
Marks grammatical subject; new or focused info
을/를 — object particle
eul/reul — object particle
eul (after cons.) / reul (after vowel)
Marks the direct object
이다 — to be
ida — to be (copula)
ida
학생이다 = is a student; 이에요/이에요 (polite)
이에요 / 예요
ieyo / yeyo (polite 'to be')
ieyo / yeyo
학생이에요 (after cons.); 학교예요 (after vowel)
도 — also/too
do — also/too
do
저도 학생이에요 = I am also a student
의 — possessive particle
ui — possessive particle
ui (often pronounced as e)
저의 책 = my book; often contracted: 제 책
이것 / 그것 / 저것
this / that / that over there
igeot / geugeot / jeogeot
이 (near speaker), 그 (near listener), 저 (far)
이 / 그 / 저 + noun
this/that + noun
i / geu / jeo
이 책 = this book (before a noun)
명사의 복수: 들
noun plural: deul
-deul
학생들 = students; often omitted when clear from context