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Verbs & Present Tense

Verb stems, polite present tense, 하다 verbs and basic conjugation
동사 어간 — verb stem
verb stem
eogan
먹다 → 먹 (stem); 가다 → 가 (stem)
아/어요 — polite present
a/eoyo — polite present ending
a/eoyo
먹 + 어요 = 먹어요; 가 + 아요 = 가요
어간 + 아요/어요 결합
combining stem + a/eoyo
vowel harmony
ㅏ/ㅗ stem → 아요; other vowels → 어요
가요 / 와요 / 해요
go / come / do (polite)
gayo / wayo / haeyo
가다, 오다, 하다 in polite present
하다 동사
hada verbs
hada verbs
공부하다, 일하다, 사랑하다 → 해요
먹어요 / 마셔요 / 자요
eat / drink / sleep (polite)
meogeoyo / masyeoyo / jayo
Common daily verbs in polite form
봐요 / 읽어요 / 써요
see / read / write (polite)
bwayo / ilgeoyo / sseoyo
More common verbs
ㄹ 불규칙: 알다 → 알아요
ㄹ irregular: know → knows
alda → arayo
ㄹ stem verbs: stem appears as-is before vowels
ㅂ 불규칙: 춥다 → 추워요
ㅂ irregular: cold → is cold
chupda → chuwoyo
ㅂ changes to 워/와 before vowel endings
르 불규칙: 모르다 → 몰라요
르 irregular: not know → doesn't know
moreuda → mollayo
르 verbs double the ㄹ before 아/어