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Pronouns & Sentence Structure

Personal pronouns, SOV order, honorific levels and 있다/없다
인칭과 높임
person and honorifics
person/honorifics
Korean encodes relationship, not just person
이름 + 씨 / 님
name + ssi / nim
-ssi / -nim
씨 = peer; 님 = respectful address
직함으로 지칭
referring by title
title reference
선생님, 사장님 preferred over 'you' for elders
자기 / 자신 — self
jagi / jasin — self
jagi / jasin
Reflexive: 자기 = colloquial; 자신 = neutral
서로 — each other
seoro — each other
seoro
서로 도와요 = help each other
아무 — any (negative context)
amu — any (with negation)
amu
아무것도 없어요 = there's nothing at all
간접 화법: -고 하다
indirect speech: -go hada
-go hada
간다고 해요 = (they) say (they) are going
인용: -다고 / -라고
quotation: -dago / -rago
-dago / -rago
Quoting statements: 맛있다고 해요
의문 인용: -냐고 / -는지
question quotation
-nyago / -neunji
어디 가냐고 물어요 = asks where (they) are going
주제화 심화: 은/는
topicalisation: eun/neun
topic vs subject
Contrast and topic-marking with 은/는