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Nouns, Plurals & the Ezafe
Persian nouns, plural -hā, the ezafe construction and definiteness
اسم در فارسی — Persian nouns
Persian nouns — no gender
esm
Persian has no grammatical gender — a great relief!
جمع با ها
plural with -hā
-haa
کتابها = books; مدادها = pencils
جمع با ان
plural with -ān
-aan
دانشآموزان = students; used for people/animate
کسره اضافه — the ezafe
ezafe construction (of/linking)
ezafe (-e/-ye)
کتابِ من = my book; خانهٔ بزرگ = big house
اضافه پس از مصوت: ی
ezafe after vowel: -ye
-ye
خانه + اضافه = خانهی (or ٔ) = house of
معرفه: 'the' وجود ندارد
no definite article
no article
Persian has no 'the'; context determines definiteness
نکره: یک
indefinite: yek (a/one)
yek
یک کتاب = a book (or one book)
ی نکره: کتابی
indefinite suffix -i
-i
کتابی = a/some book (after noun)
صفت با اضافه: کتاب بزرگ
adjective via ezafe: big book
ketaab-e bozorg
کتاب بزرگ — the adjective follows via ezafe
این / آن — this / that
in / ān — this / that
in / aan
این کتاب = this book; آن کتاب = that book