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Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure
Personal pronouns, SOV order, the copula and basic questions
من، تو، او
I, you, he/she/it
man, to, u
Persian has no gender distinction in 3rd person
ما، شما، آنها
we, you (pl/formal), they
maa, shomaa, aanhaa
شما = formal/plural 'you'
ترتیب SOV در فارسی
SOV word order
S-O-V
من کتاب میخوانم = I book read (verb last)
فعل ربطی: هستم هستی است
to be: I am, you are, he is
hastam, hasti, hast
هستم, هستی, هست, هستیم, هستید, هستند
فعل ربطی کوتاه (پسوند)
short copula as suffix
-(a)m, -i, -ast/-e
Colloquial: منم, توئی, اوئه (suffix forms)
جمله اسمی: من دانشجو هستم
nominal sentence: I am a student
man daaneshju hastam
Subject + predicate + copula
چیست؟ — what is?
chist? — what is?
chist
این چیست؟ = What is this?
کیست؟ — who is?
kist? — who is?
kist
این کیست؟ = Who is this?
کجاست؟ — where is?
kojāst? — where is?
kojast
کتاب کجاست؟ = Where is the book?
بله / نه
yes / no
bale / na
بله = yes (polite); آره = yes (colloquial)