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Complex Sentences & Advanced Grammar
Subjunctive, relative clauses, conditionals and formal vs colloquial
التزامی — subjunctive
subjunctive mood
التزامی
be- + present stem + endings; after bayad, shayad etc.
باید + التزامی
bayad + subjunctive (must)
bayad
باید بروم = I must go; بروم = that I go
شاید + التزامی
shayad + subjunctive (maybe)
shayad
شاید بیاید = maybe he'll come
جمله وصفی: که + فعل
relative clause: ke + verb
ke
کتابی که خواندم = the book that I read
جمله شرطی: اگر + فعل
conditional: agar + verb
agar
اگر بیایی، میبینمت = if you come, I'll see you
شرط ناواقعی: اگر + ماضی
unreal conditional: agar + past
agar + past + budam
اگر پول داشتم... = if I had money...
چون — because
chon — because
chon
چون خستهام، نمیآیم = because I'm tired, I won't come
ولی / اما — but
vali / ammaa — but
vali / ammaa
Both mean 'but'; ولی colloquial, اما more formal
فارسی رسمی vs محاورهای
formal vs colloquial Persian
formal / colloquial
میروم (formal) vs میرم (colloquial)
پسوند مالکیت: ـم ـت ـش
possessive suffixes: my/your/his
-am/-at/-ash
کتابم = my book; کتابت = your book