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Nouns, Gender & Cases Overview

Three genders, nominative case, plurals and basic noun patterns
rodzaj męski: ten chłopiec
masculine gender: this boy
ten hwop-yets
Masculine nouns often end in consonant
rodzaj żeński: ta kobieta
feminine gender: this woman
ta kob-ye-ta
Feminine nouns often end in -a
rodzaj nijaki: to dziecko
neuter gender: this child
to dzets-ko
Neuter nouns often end in -o or -e
liczba mnoga: -y/-i/-e/-a
plurals: -y/-i/-e/-a
-y/-i/-e/-a
Plural depends on gender and stem
chłopiec → chłopcy
boy → boys
hwop-yets → hwop-tsi
Masculine animate plural changes
kobieta → kobiety
woman → women
kob-ye-ta → kob-ye-ti
Feminine -a → -y in plural
dziecko → dzieci
child → children
dzets-ko → dzhe-chee
Neuter irregular plural
dom → domy
house → houses
dom → do-mi
Masculine inanimate -∅ → -y
Nie ma rodzajnika (a/the)
No articles (a/the)
no articles
Polish has no definite or indefinite article
Wielka litera dla nazw własnych
Capital letter for proper nouns
proper nouns capitalised
Only proper nouns capitalised; not adjectives