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Alphabet & Pronunciation
Polish alphabet, diacritics, consonant clusters and key pronunciation rules
Fonologia polska: system samogłoskowy
Polish phonology: vowel system
vowel system
6 oral vowels + 2 nasal; no length distinction
Spółgłoski twarde i miękkie
hard and soft consonants
hard/soft consonants
Softness is phonemic: pas vs paś
Alternacje samogłoskowe: o→ó, e→ie
vowel alternations: o→ó, e→ie
vowel alternations
Morphologically conditioned vowel changes
Alternacje spółgłoskowe: k→c, g→dz
consonant alternations: k→c, g→dz
consonant alternations
Ręka→ręce, noga→nodze — before certain endings
Końcowe ubezdźwięcznienie (szczegółowo)
final devoicing (detailed)
final devoicing
Systematic voicing alternations at morpheme boundaries
Sandhi między wyrazowe
cross-word sandhi
sandhi
Voicing assimilation at word boundaries in speech
Akcent a morfologia
stress and morphology
stress-morphology
How stress interacts with suffixes
Intonacja: pytanie vs twierdzenie
intonation: question vs statement
intonation
Polish intonation patterns
Dialekty: mazurowanie
dialects: mazurowing
mazurowanie
Mazurian dialect merges sz/cz with s/c
Fonetyka historyczna
historical phonetics
historical phonetics
From Proto-Slavic to modern Polish sounds