Pronouns & Basic Sentence Structure

میں

I / in

maiṃ

First person singular pronoun — also means 'in' as postposition

تم

you (informal)

tum

Second person informal — used with friends and younger people

آپ

you (formal)

āp

Second person formal — always use with elders and strangers

وہ

he / she / it / that

voh

Third person singular — no gender distinction in pronoun

ہم

ham

First person plural — also used as royal/formal 'we'

یہ

this / he / she

yeh

Proximal demonstrative and third person near referent

میں طالب علم ہوں

I am a student

maiṃ ṭālib-e-'ilm hūṃ

Basic SOV sentence: Subject + Object/Predicate + Verb

وہ استاد ہے

He/She is a teacher

voh ustād hai

Third person singular present of 'to be': hai

ہم دوست ہیں

We are friends

ham dost haiṃ

First person plural present of 'to be': haiṃ

یہ کتاب ہے

This is a book

yeh kitāb hai

Demonstrative as subject in a nominal sentence