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Past Tense & Aspect

Simple past, perfective aspect, and verb agreement in past tense
میں نے کھایا
I ate (masculine)
maiṃ ne khāyā
Simple past: نے marks ergative subject; verb agrees with object
میں نے کھائی
I ate (feminine object)
maiṃ ne khāī
Past verb agrees with feminine object, not subject — key rule
وہ گئی
She went
voh gaī
Intransitive past — no نے; verb agrees with subject
وہ گیا
He went
voh gayā
Intransitive past masculine — جانا is intransitive so no نے
اس نے کہا
He/She said
us ne kahā
Oblique pronoun اس (not وہ) before نے — pronoun changes form
ہم نے دیکھا
We saw
ham ne dekhā
Transitive past with plural ergative subject
میں آئی
I came (feminine)
maiṃ āī
آنا is intransitive — no نے; verb agrees with subject
کل میں نے کتاب پڑھی
Yesterday I read a book (f)
kal maiṃ ne kitāb paṛhī
Full past sentence: کتاب is feminine so verb is پڑھی
وہ سو گیا
He fell asleep
voh so gayā
Compound verb: verb + جانا showing completed action
میں نے چائے پی
I drank tea
maiṃ ne chāy pī
چائے is feminine so past verb is پی (feminine form)