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Negation & Questions
Forming negative sentences and question structures
کبھی نہیں
never
kabhī nahīṃ
Double negation pattern — کبھی + نہیں = never
کہیں نہیں
nowhere
kahīṃ nahīṃ
Negative existential: nowhere to be found
کوئی نہیں
nobody / no one
koī nahīṃ
Negative indefinite pronoun for people
کچھ نہیں
nothing
kuch nahīṃ
Negative indefinite for things — کچھ = something/nothing
نہ...نہ
neither...nor
na...na
Correlative negation — نہ وہ نہ میں = neither he nor I
ہاں / جی ہاں / جی نہیں
yes / yes (polite) / no (polite)
hāṃ / jī hāṃ / jī nahīṃ
جی adds politeness — essential for formal/respectful speech
کیا آپ نے کھایا؟
Did you eat?
kyā āp ne khāyā?
Past tense question — کیا at start, ergative نے with آپ
کس نے؟ کس کو؟
Who did? To whom?
kis ne? kis ko?
Oblique interrogative: کون → کس before postpositions
کتنا؟ کتنے؟ کتنی؟
How much/many? (agreement)
kitnā? kitne? kitnī?
Interrogative of quantity — agrees with noun gender/number
کیسا؟ کیسے؟ کیسی؟
What kind? How? (agreement)
kaisā? kaise? kaisī?
Quality/manner interrogative — also agrees for gender