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Complex Sentences & Advanced Grammar

Relative clauses, conditional sentences, and formal registers
جملہ معترضہ: جب بھی آئے
Concessive clause: whenever
jumla-e-mu'tariẓa: jab bhī āe
بھی adds 'ever' to question words: جب بھی = whenever
شرطیہ جملے: اگر/تو
Conditional sentences
sharṭiyya jumlāt: agar/to
Real condition: اگر present + future; unreal: past forms
غیر حقیقی شرط: اگر میں ہوتا
Counterfactual: if I were
ghair haqīqī shart: agar maiṃ hotā
Unreal past condition — both clauses use past habitual
رابطہ: کیونکہ اس لیے
Connectors: because therefore
rābita: kyoṃke is liye
Causal connectors — کیونکہ introduces reason clause
تاہم البتہ لیکن
however nevertheless but
tāham albatta lekin
Contrastive conjunctions — البتہ more formal
نہ صرف بلکہ
not only but also
na sirf balke
Correlative conjunction — adds emphasis to second element
گویا یعنی
as if / that is to say
goyā ya'nī
Explanatory connectors — یعنی very common in speech
حوالہ: جو...وہ / جس...اس
Relative: who...that
havāla: jo...voh / jis...us
Correlative relative clauses — جو subject, جس oblique
اردو کا اسلوب
Urdu style and register
urdū kā uslūb
Urdu has distinct colloquial/formal/poetic registers
فارسی عربی اردو الفاظ
Persian Arabic Urdu vocabulary layers
fārsī 'arabī urdū alfāẓ
Urdu vocabulary: native (Hindi), Persian, and Arabic layers