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Nouns & Gender

Masculine and feminine nouns, plural formation
مصدر مرخم
Truncated infinitive (verbal noun)
maṣdar-e-murakhkham
کھانا → کھان (poetic/formal truncation of infinitive)
اسم مصدر: لکھنا ← لکھائی
Verbal noun derivation
ism-e-maṣdar: likhāī
Action nouns from verbs: لکھنا (to write) → لکھائی (writing/script)
اسم فاعل: لکھنے والا
Agent noun: one who writes
ism-e-fā'il: likhne vālā
وَالا suffix creates agent nouns — agrees for gender
اسم مفعول: لکھا ہوا
Passive participle: written
ism-e-maf'ūl: likhā huā
Past participle as adjective — لکھا ہوا خط = written letter
اسم ظرف مکان
Locative noun
ism-e-ẓarf-e-makān
Place nouns: لکھائی کی جگہ = place of writing
مرکب اسم: سردرد / دل درد
Compound nouns
murakkab ism: sar-dard / dil-dard
Persian-style compound nouns very common in Urdu vocabulary
تصغیر: چھوٹا کرنا
Diminutive formation
taṣghīr: choṭā karnā
لڑکا → لڑکو (diminutive) — affectionate/small
تکبیر: بڑا کرنا
Augmentative
takbīr
Adding intensity — less systematic than diminutive in Urdu
اردو میں فارسی مصادر
Persian infinitives in Urdu
urdū meṃ fārsī maṣādir
Some Urdu verbs are Persian infinitives: کردن → کرنا
مشترک اسماء
Shared nouns (Urdu-Hindi)
mushtarak asmā
Many everyday nouns shared between Urdu and Hindi (tatsama)