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Nouns & Gender

Masculine and feminine nouns, plural formation
اسماء جمع منکسر
Broken plurals (Arabic pattern)
asmā'-e-jam'-e-munkasir
Arabic broken plurals in Urdu: کتاب/کتب, شاعر/شعرا
اسماء مصادر عربی
Arabic verbal nouns in Urdu
asmā'-e-maṣādir-e-'arabī
Arabic maṣdar forms: تعلیم (ta'līm), تنظیم (tanẓīm)
صفات مشبہہ
Participial adjectives (Arabic)
ṣifāt-e-mushabbaha
Arabic pattern adjectives: جمیل (beautiful), کریم (generous)
اسم آلہ: چھری کاٹنے والی
Instrument nouns
ism-e-āla: chhrī kāṭne vālī
Tool/instrument nouns — often with وَالا or specific suffix
اسم تصغیر فارسی: باغیچہ
Persian diminutive: small garden
ism-e-taṣghīr-e-fārsī: bāghīcha
-چہ suffix (Persian) forms diminutives in literary Urdu
اسم مکان: لکھنؤ/دہلی کی بولیاں
Place names and dialects
ism-e-makān: dialect nouns
Regional vocabulary variation in Urdu nouns across Pakistan/India
تجریدی اسماء: محبت نفرت عدالت
Abstract nouns
tajrīdī asmā': muhabbat nafrat 'adālat
Abstract nouns often Arabic/Persian origin — محبت (love) from Arabic
اسم نسبت: پاکستانی اردو ہندوستانی
Relational adjectives as nouns
ism-e-nisbat
Nisba -ī adjectives functioning as nouns: پاکستانی = a Pakistani
گنتی اسماء: ایک کپ چائے
Numeral classifiers
ginatī asmā': ek kap chāy
Urdu uses classifiers: ایک کپ/گلاس/بوتل — not as systematic as Chinese
اسماء علم: شخصی مکانی
Proper nouns: personal and place
asmā'-e-'alam: shakhṣī makānī
Urdu proper names: typically Arabic/Persian origin for people