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Aspect System & Verb Conjugation

Completed, Contemplated, and Incomplete aspects; mag- and -um- verb classes
kumain (completed aspect)
ate
koo-mah-in
Completed aspect: action is done
kakain (contemplated aspect)
will eat
kah-kah-in
Contemplated: ka- reduplication of first syllable
kumakain (incomplete aspect)
is eating / eats
koo-mah-kah-in
Incomplete: -um- plus reduplication
nagluto (mag- completed)
cooked
nahg-loo-toh
Mag- changes to nag- for completed and incomplete aspects
Nagluto na ako.
I have already cooked.
nahg-loo-toh nah ah-koh
Na after verb or pronoun = already/now
Magluluto pa ako.
I will still cook.
mahg-loo-loo-toh pah ah-koh
Pa = still/yet; adds nuance to tense
Kumakain sila ngayon.
They are eating now.
koo-mah-kah-in see-lah ngah-yon
Incomplete aspect for ongoing action
Hindi pa siya kumakain.
He/She has not eaten yet.
hin-dee pah see-yah koo-mah-kah-in
Hindi pa = not yet; incomplete aspect
Kakain tayo mamaya.
We will eat later.
kah-kah-in tah-yoh mah-mah-yah
Contemplated for future; mamaya = later
Kumain na ba kayo?
Have you all eaten already?
koo-mah-in nah bah kah-yoh
Na ba = already question; completed aspect