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Linkers, Ligatures & Complex Sentences

Na/ng ligatures, relative clauses, compound sentences with at/pero/kaya
na (ligature after vowel or n)
linking particle that/which
nah
Na links modifier to noun or clause to main sentence
-ng (ligature suffix after vowel)
linking particle (suffixed form)
-ng
When the preceding word ends in a vowel, na becomes -ng suffix
at
and
aht
Connects nouns or clauses: Kumain at uminom siya
pero
but
peh-roh
From Spanish pero; contrasts two ideas
kaya
so / therefore
kah-yah
Shows result or consequence
Ang babaeng maganda.
The beautiful woman.
ahng bah-bah-ehng mah-gahn-dah
Maganda plus -ng ligature links adjective to babae
Ang lalaking mabait.
The kind man.
ahng lah-lah-king mah-bah-it
Lalaki ends in vowel so -ng suffix used as ligature
Kumain ako at uminom ng tubig.
I ate and drank water.
koo-mah-in ah-koh aht oo-mee-nom
At joins two verb phrases
Gutom ako pero hindi ako kumakain.
I am hungry but I am not eating.
goo-tom ah-koh peh-roh hin-dee
Pero contrasts two clauses
Mahal ang pagkain kaya nagluto ako.
Food is expensive so I cooked.
mah-hal ahng pahg-kah-in kah-yah
Kaya shows logical result