Negation & Questions

hindi plus adjective negation

not plus adjective

hin-dee

Hindi maganda = not beautiful; straightforward negation

hindi plus verb negation

not plus verb

hin-dee

Hindi kumain = did not eat; hindi kakain = will not eat

wala vs. walang

wala as predicate vs. walang before noun

wah-lah / wah-lahng

Walang is wala plus ng linker before noun phrases

huwag plus verb imperative negation

do not plus verb

hoo-wahg

Huwag kang tumakbo = Don't run; huwag always for prohibitions

Sino, Ano, Nasaan, Kailan, Bakit, Paano

Who, What, Where, When, Why, How

varies

Complete question word set for forming information questions

Bakit ka umiyak?

Why did you cry?

bah-kit kah oo-mee-yahk

Bakit = why; verb in completed aspect

Paano mo nalaman?

How did you find out?

pah-ah-noh moh nah-lah-man

Paano = how; -an focus verb naalam becomes nalaman

Magkano ito?

How much is this?

mahg-kah-noh ee-toh

Magkano asks price; essential for shopping

Gaano katagal?

How long (duration)?

gah-ah-noh kah-tah-gal

Gaano plus ka- plus adjective root = how plus adjective

Tag-ulan ba ngayon?

Is it rainy season now?

tahg-oo-lan bah ngah-yon

Tag- prefix creates season nouns; ba = question marker