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Aspect System & Verb Conjugation

Completed, Contemplated, and Incomplete aspects; mag- and -um- verb classes
Completed aspect -um- formation
insert -um- after first consonant
varies
Sulat: sumulat; kain: kumain; bili: bumili
Completed aspect mag- formation
mag- changes to nag-
varies
Magluto becomes nagluto; magsalita becomes nagsalita
Incomplete aspect -um- formation
-um- plus CV reduplication
varies
Kumain becomes kumakain; sumulat becomes sumusulat
Incomplete aspect mag- formation
nag- plus CV reduplication
varies
Nagluto becomes nagluluto; nagsalita becomes nagsasalita
Contemplated aspect -um- formation
CV reduplication only without -um-
varies
Kumain becomes kakain; sumulat becomes susulat
Contemplated aspect mag- formation
mag- plus CV reduplication
varies
Magluto becomes magluluto; magsalita becomes magsasalita
Aspect with -in focus verbs
completed -in, incomplete -in plus redup, contemplated redup plus -in
varies
Kain plus -in: kinain (comp), kinakain (incompl), kakainin (contempl)
Aspect with -an focus verbs
parallel pattern to -in verbs
varies
Luto plus -an: nilutuan (comp), nilulutuan (incompl), lulutuan (contempl)
Sumusulat siya ng liham.
He/She is writing a letter.
soo-moo-soo-laht see-yah nahng lee-ham
Incomplete -um- aspect; liham = letter
Kakainin ko na ang tinapay.
I will now eat the bread.
kah-kah-ee-nin koh nah ahng tee-nah-pigh
Contemplated -in aspect; na adds now/already nuance