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Numbers, Time & Dates

Cardinal and ordinal numbers, telling time, days, months, and dates
Fractions and decimals
kalahati, sangkapat; decimal reading
kah-lah-hah-tee, sahng-kah-paht
Kalahati = half; sangkapat = one quarter; punto for decimal point
Large numbers: milyon, bilyon
million, billion
mil-yon, bil-yon
From English/Spanish; used in news and business contexts
Oras system vs. military time
12-hour Spanish-based vs. 24-hour system
varies
Alas dose ng tanghali = noon; formal contexts use 24-hour system
Relative time expressions
kahapon, noong isang linggo, sa susunod na buwan
varies
Noong = past time marker; sa = future time marker before time phrases
Duration: sa loob ng
within / for a duration of
sah loob nahng
Sa loob ng isang oras = within one hour
Frequency: isang beses, dalawang beses
once, twice
ee-sahng beh-ses, dah-lah-wahng beh-ses
Beses (from Spanish veces) = times/instances
Philippine seasons: tag-araw, tag-ulan
dry season, wet season
tahg ah-raw, tahg oo-lan
Philippines has dry and wet seasons only, not four seasons
Noong plus past time reference
noong marks specific past time
noh-ong
Noong Lunes = last Monday; noong 1986 = in 1986
Sa plus future time reference
sa marks specific future time
sah
Sa Sabado = on Saturday (future); sa susunod na taon = next year
Arithmetic in Filipino
formal mathematical operations
varies
Idagdag (add), ibawas (subtract), paramihin (multiply), hatiin (divide)