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Numbers, Time & Dates

Cardinal and ordinal numbers, telling time, days, months, and dates
Numeral systems: native vs. Spanish competition
Tagalog vs. Spanish numerals in different domains
varies
Native numbers for 1-10; Spanish for money, time, math historically
Distributive numerals: tig- and taga-
one each, two each etc.
varies
Tigisa = one each; tigdalawa = two each; distributes quantity across set members
Mathematical register in formal Filipino
academic arithmetic vocabulary
varies
Sumahin, ibawas, paramihin, hatiin -- formal mathematical operation terms
Calendrical and ritual time in Philippine culture
fiesta cycle and folk calendar traditions
varies
Barangay fiestas organized around patron saints; lunar calendar for some practices
Age honorific kinship terms as titles
Lolo/Lola, Tito/Tita, Ate/Kuya as social honorifics
varies
Kinship terms used as honorifics for non-relatives; important social function
Temporal clauses and aspect interaction
nang plus completed vs. habang plus incomplete
varies
Nang kumain siya (when he ate) vs. habang kumakain siya (while he was eating)
Numerical idioms in Filipino
isa-isahan, dalawa-dalawahan constructions
ee-sah ee-sah-han
Isa-isahan = one by one; used for careful sequential or individual actions
Historical Philippine measurement systems
pre-colonial and colonial measurement terms
varies
Dipa (arm span), dangkal (handspan) -- traditional measures still referenced in rural areas
Time and aspect interaction in discourse
how temporal adverbs combine with aspect
varies
Bukas kakain siya = future time plus contemplated aspect for future event
Aspectual interactions with quantified expressions
how quantification affects aspect interpretation
varies
Tatlong beses siyang pumunta = He went three times (quantified completed event)