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Aspect System & Verb Conjugation

Completed, Contemplated, and Incomplete aspects; mag- and -um- verb classes
Aspect in clause embedding: matrix vs. embedded
aspect of main clause vs. subordinate clause
varies
Gusto niyang kumain = He wants to eat; embedded verb defaults to contemplated
Sequence of aspect in narrative discourse
how aspects chain in extended narrative
varies
Narrative typically uses completed; incomplete marks foregrounded ongoing states
Aspect in generic statements
incomplete aspect for generic or habitual truth
varies
Kumakain ang tao ng pagkain = People eat food (generic, incomplete aspect)
Aspect and telicity crosslinguistic perspective
comparing Tagalog aspect with Slavic aspect and English perfect
varies
Tagalog aspect is completion-based not past-based; differs from Slavic perfectivity
Discourse aspect: frame-setting vs. foregrounding
aspect in discourse organization and narrative structure
varies
Background information in incomplete; foreground narrative events in completed
Aspect in conditionals and subjunctives
aspect choices under modal and conditional operators
varies
Kung kumain ka (if you eat) -- completed aspect in real/open conditionals
Lexical causatives vs. morphological causatives
make/cause through vocabulary vs. through affixation
varies
Pinagod niya ako (caused me to tire) vs. pinagtrabaho (made someone work)
Atelic activities and aspect resistance
how verb meaning constrains grammatical aspect choice
varies
Stative roots resist incomplete aspect; achievements resist extended activity reading
Perfect-like constructions: nakaka- experiential
have ever done something: experiential perfect
nah-kah-kah-
Nakakain na ako ng sushi = I have eaten sushi (at least once in my life)
Aspect in relative clauses and nominalizations
how aspect appears in non-finite contexts
varies
Ang kumain ng mansanas (completed) vs. ang kumakain ng mansanas (incomplete)