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Nouns, Articles & Gender
Turkish nouns, lack of grammatical gender, definiteness via accusative case, noun suffixes
ev
house
ehv
Turkish nouns have no grammatical gender; no der/die/das
kitap
book
kee-tahp
Final p in kitap softens to kitabı in the accusative case
araba
car
ah-rah-bah
Ends in vowel; accusative adds -yı: arabayı
öğrenci
student
ur-ren-jee
Front vowel word; suffixes will use front vowel variants
kadın / erkek
woman / man
kah-duhn / ehr-kek
Turkish has no grammatical gender; same suffix for all nouns
Türkçe
Turkish (language)
tewrk-cheh
-çe/-ce suffix on country name = language of that country
Plural suffix: -ler / -lar
plural marker obeying vowel harmony
lehr / lahr
Kitaplar (books) -- back vowel; evler (houses) -- front vowel
Su, çay, kahve
water, tea, coffee
soo, chay, kah-hveh
Essential vocabulary; çay (tea) is culturally central in Turkey
Büyük / küçük
big / small
bew-yewk / kew-chewk
Adjectives precede the noun they modify; no agreement suffix
Bu, şu, o
this, that (near), that (far)
boo, shoo, oh
Three-way demonstrative system; o also means he/she/it
