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Cases: The Six-Case System
Nominative, accusative, dative, locative, ablative, genitive cases and their uses
Nominative case (no suffix)
subject of sentence; dictionary form
no suffix
Ev büyük = The house is big; nominative has no ending
Accusative case: -(y)ı/i/u/ü
marks definite direct object
-(y)uh/ee/oo/ew
Kitabı okudum = I read the book (specific book); indefinite object has no accusative
Dative case: -(y)a/e
marks direction to or indirect object
-(y)ah/eh
Eve gidiyorum = I am going home (to home)
Locative case: -da/de
marks location at or in
-dah/deh
Evde oturuyorum = I live at home; -da/-de by vowel harmony
Ablative case: -dan/den
marks movement from or because of
-dahn/dehn
Evden geliyorum = I am coming from home
Genitive case: -(n)ın/in/un/ün
marks possession
-(n)uhn/een/oon/ewn
Evin rengi = the color of the house; possessor in genitive
Case summary: ev (house) paradigm
all six cases of ev
varies
ev/evi/eve/evde/evden/evin = house/house(acc)/to house/at house/from house/house's
Bir kitap aldım.
I bought a book.
beer kee-tahp ahl-duhm
Indefinite object (bir kitap) has no accusative suffix
Kitabı aldım.
I bought the book.
kee-tah-buh ahl-duhm
Definite object (the book) takes accusative suffix -ı
Okula gidiyorum.
I am going to school.
oh-koo-lah gee-dee-yor-oom
Okul + a (dative) = to school; directional dative